Saturday, April 5, 2025

All Theology Is Philosophy

Every theology is a philosophy that itself hing on other philosophical truths transcending religion and theism alike (like logical axioms); it is their consistency with axioms that dictate their very possibility.  Religion itself is but a subset of theism just as theism in all of its variations is within philosophy.  Everything is philosophical on a metaphysical and epistemological level because everything is either true or false.  From Islam to Zoroastrianism to the pseudo-religion of Hellenic paganism (the Olympians are not uncaused causes and thus cannot possibly be true gods or goddesses), theology is obviously and inescapably philosophical.  For some reason, there is a misconception accepted by some that theology and philosophy are separate but adjacent categories of worldview.  This can only be false because every ideology is a philosophy and every truth about reality is philosophical.

The details of one religion's metaphysics could wildly differ from those of another, but every religion has metaphysics.  Everything from the moral nature of God, if there is one, to the relationship of the material world to God to the issue of monotheism or polytheism is a matter of ontology, since everything that exists or does not exist is a matter of being.  Each of these details is either true or false, some independent of others, though their logical possibility is always determined by whether or not they contradict axioms and other necessary truths.  A religion that is possible but false is consistent with logical axioms and yet still happens to not match reality perfectly; a religion that contradicts itself or something like the logical law identity is not even capable of being true under any circumstances because axioms and what follows from them cannot be false.

Likewise, every religion is subject to the same epistemological truths of reason.  If something is not logically self-necessary like axioms (the fact that something is true being among them because this being false still requires its veracity) or true by necessity in light of something else that is verifiable, it could be reality--and still cannot be known to be.  Whether the afterlife of Christianity or any other non-contradictory afterlife is true would be an example of this.  It simply is not demonstrable no matter how much evidence there is for or against it.  Something can be true or false without being verifiable one way or the other.  Indeed, this is the case with many things.  Whether or not God loves humans or the past has existed for more than a moment are examples.  In every instance, however, a religious system, natural theology, or deistic ideology is a philosophy.

It is asinine to think of there being a fundamental difference between these things rather than the former being a specific type of the latter.  Nothing could ever be beyond philosophy because all ideas are true or false and this is itself an issue of philosophy.  If anything, that more explicitly philosophical concepts (like the truth of logical axioms or sensory skepticism) are far more abstract, both metaphysically and epistemologically, than what the masses erroneously associate with popular religions is misinterpreted.  Some people might regard anything more abstract than whatever theological or scientific notions are embraced in their community as something "other" than the ideological norm and confuse this category for philosophy.  They are wrong because such ideas can only be wrong.  A dog is an animal, and a human is not a dog, yet both are still animals.  Not that analogies are necessary to know these things, all theological matters are by necessity philosophical ones.

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